Roots of biology (Umair isi)

  Kidney stone:-   introduction :- 1; Its is also called  renal stone.                        2; Its is also called  urinary  stone.                     3; Its is also  called  renal calliculi.                    Definition :- when over aggregations  of minerals in kidney interstitium and results  in hard  crystalline  pebbile like  structure  called kidneys  stones.                                              Condiction:- If the kidney stonesize is less than 55m normal  its removal  chances is of kidney  dtone in urine is 90%.                              2;  If kidnr stone size is more than 5mm and less than 10mm then chances of removel of kidney  stone are 50%.                                          3; If kidney  stone size is more than 1nm then ite requirements  treatment  to removals  stone.                                                     4; If size of kidney stone is 3cm are more in size and complex composition  and have irregular  shape called steghurn stone.And this ston

Cell: the word cell is derived from latin word  "cellula"which mean chanmber.          Definition: cell is the basic  unit of all living  organism on the basis of the structure  and functions.                                  Discovery :- cell was discovered  by robert hoole in 1665.          Study of cell: The stufy of cell and their components  os known as cytology or cell biology. Cell Theory: Two german scientists  schleiden (1838) and schwann (1839)formulated the cell theory. Main pionts:-            1:All living organisms are composed  of one or mpre cell.                                      2; Cell os the basic structural and finctional unot of all living  organism.     3; New cells are formed  from pre-existing  cell by dovosion.                           4; A cell consists of three parts i-e cell membrane ,cytoplasm, and nucleus.        5; All the matebollic process take place within cell.                                                      6;Cell contain hereditar